Micronutrient supplements & fortification

Scientific studies on the relationship between micronutrient supplements & fortification and combating malnutrition in developing countries:
One swallow does not make a summer. A famous Dutch saying that could not be any more obvious. Just because one single scientific study about a certain topic makes certain claims, it does not necessarily mean it is true. On the other hand, a review article (a collection of scientific studies on a certain topic) of randomized, placebo-controlled double blind clinical trials (RCTs) will answer the following question:
"Do taking dietary supplements make sense?" Yes for a positive conclusion and no for a negative conclusion.

One swallow does not make a summer. A famous Dutch saying that could not be any more obvious. Just because one single scientific study about a certain topic makes certain claims, it does not necessarily mean it is true. On the other hand, a review article (a collection of scientific studies on a certain topic) of cohort studies or case-control studies will answer the following question:
"Should I change my diet?".

1. 25(OH)D concentration increases by 0.7 nmol/L for every 100 IU vitamin D in children
2. 25(OH)D concentration increases by 2 nmol/L for every 100 IU vitamin D in adult
3. 10 μg/d vitamin D food fortification increases vitamin D levels in populations
4. Serum selenium is lower in tuberculosis patients
5. Micronutrient supplementation reduces malnutrition in children under-five in low- and middle-income countries
6. Point-of-use fortification of foods with micronutrient powders containing iron gives a small increase in haemoglobin concentration in preschool children
7. Large-scale food fortification reduces goiter, anemia and neural tube defects in low- and middle-income countries
8. Small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements reduce child malnutrition
9. Childhood nutritional supplementation with ≥5 nutrients improves cognitive development of children in developing countries
10. Multiple micronutrients and protein interventions delivered after 24 months of age have a positive effect on linear growth
11. Multiple-micronutrient supplementation improves birth outcomes among pregnant adolescents in low- and middle-income countries
12. Multiple micronutrient supplementation generates positive health outcomes for both infants and pregnant women
13. Fortification of staple foods with zinc does not reduce risk of stunting
14. Folic acid fortification lowers the prevalence of neural tube defects
15. Low vitamin D level increases wasting among children
16. 100 IU vitamin D/d increase serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D with 1.0 nmol/L in children 2-18 y of age
17. Vitamin A deficiency remains a public health problem in China
18. Vitamin A supplementation reduces risk of anemia
19. Mortality effects of vitamin A supplementation in children 5 years do not vary by dosing frequency, total dose, or duration
20. Vitamin A supplementation is associated with a clinically meaningful reduction in morbidity and mortality in children aged six months to five years
21. Double-fortified salt containing iron and iodine decreases risk of anemia in low- and middle-income populations
22. Iron fortification increases haemoglobin concentration during pregnancy
23. Iron-fortified flour is an effective public health strategy that improves iron status of populations worldwide
24. NaFeEDTA-fortified soy sauce has a positive effect on anemia control and prevention in the Chinese population
25. Micronutrient powders containing iron reduces anaemia and iron deficiency in preschool- and school-age children
26. Micronutrient fortified condiments reduce anemia in children and adults due to micronutrient deficiencies
27. Fortified milk reduces risk of anaemia
28. Insufficient evidence to confirm or refute the effect of zinc supplementation in children with measles