Scientific studies on the relationship between diet/nutrients and sport performance:
A review article of randomized, placebo-controlled double blind clinical trials (RCTs) will answer the following question:
"Do taking dietary supplements make sense?" Yes for a positive conclusion and no for a negative conclusion.
A review article of cohort studies or case-control studies will answer the following question:
"Should I change my diet?".
- Chromium supplementation improves lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
- ≤400 μg/d chromium supplementation reduce BMI
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- Chromium is an essential mineral that humans require in trace amounts.
- Dietary sources of chromium include whole grains, potatoes, oysters, liver, seafood, cheese, chicken and meat.
- Milled grains or other processed foods have considerably less chromium content than their unprocessed counterparts.
- The chromium concentration in foods of the typical Western diet range from 5 to 24 mcg/1000 kcal with an average intake of 15 mcg/1000 kcal.
- Chromium is a component of the “glucose-tolerance factor” which is required for maintenance of normal blood glucose.
- Symptomatic chromium deficiency is rare.
- Chromium deficiency is characterized by insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and lipid abnormalities.
- Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of chromium for ages 9 years and above ranges from 21 to 25 micrograms (mcg or µg) per day for females and 25 to 35 mcg per day for men. 1 mg = 1000 mcg.
The RDA is the average daily intake that meets a nutrient requirement of nearly all (97 to 98%) healthy individuals. - No adverse effect at doses of 1 mg per day.
- The body absorbs dietary chromium poorly, 0.5-2%.
- The total body content of chromium in the adult is estimated at 5 to 6 milligrams.
- Chromium is commercially available in several forms, including chromium nicotinate, chromium histidinate, chromium picolinate, chromium-enriched yeast, chromium chloride and glucose tolerance factor chromium (GTF).
- Chromium nicotinate and chromium picolinate are more bioavailable than chromium chloride.
Food items |
Chromium content (µg/100g) |
Mussel |
128 |
Brazil nut |
100 |
Oyster |
57 |
Date (dried) |
29 |
Pear |
27 |
Brown shrimp |
26 |
Wholemeal flour |
21 |
Tomato |
20 |
Mushroom |
17 |
Broccoli |
16 |
Barley (wholegrain) |
13 |
Hazelnut |
12 |
Pork chop |
10 |
Maize (wholegrain) |
9 |
Egg yolk |
6 |
Beef |
3 |
Herring |
2 |