Objectives:
Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death. Fruits and vegetables containing carotenoids and other antioxidants have been hypothesized to decrease lung cancer risk. Therefore, this meta-analysis (systematic review) has been conducted.

Do fruits and vegetables reduce lung cancer risk?

Objectives:
There is uncertainty about the influence of diet during pregnancy and infancy on a child’s immune development. Therefore, this meta-analysis (systematic review) has been conducted.

Is there an association between diet during pregnancy and infancy on a child’s immune development?

Objectives:
Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) have been widely used as an effective alternative to conventional insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) for over a decade. Due to the growing number of field trials and interventions reporting the effectiveness of LLINs in controlling malaria, there is a need to systematically review the literature on LLINs and ITNs to examine the relative effectiveness and characteristics of both insecticide nettings. Therefore, this review article has been conducted.

Objectives:
Oxidative stress and inflammation are key parameters in developing metabolic disorders. Hence, antioxidant intake might be an appropriate approach. Several studies have evaluated the effect of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation on lipid profile among patients with metabolic diseases, though findings are controversial. Therefore, this review article has been conducted.

Objectives:
The pathogenic mechanism of ALS remains unclear. However, increasing evidence has indicated that uric acid (UA) may play a protective role in the pathogenesis of ALS. Therefore, this meta-analysis (systematic review) has been conducted.

Does uric acid play a protective role in the pathogenesis of ALS?

Objectives:
Malaria causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. There are several preventive measures that are currently employed, including insecticide-treated nets (ITNs, including long-lasting insecticidal nets and insecticidal-treated bed nets), indoor residual spraying (IRS), prophylactic drugs (PD) and untreated nets (UN). However, it is unclear which measure is the most effective for malaria prevention. Therefore, this review article has been conducted.

Objectives:
Inflammatory markers are often elevated in patients with dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it remains unclear whether inflammatory markers are associated with the risk of developing dementia. Therefore, this review article has been conducted.

Do inflammatory markers increase risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD)?

Objectives:
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. The association between body mass index (BMI) and breast cancer risk has been paid more attention in the past few years, but the findings are still controversial. Therefore, this review article has been conducted.

Is there a relationship between BMI and breast cancer risk among women?

Study design:
This review article included 12 prospective cohort studies comprising 22,728,674 women.

Objectives:
The aim of this review article is to summarize the evidence for the protective effectiveness of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination against non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease.

Study design:
This review article included 10 studies, including almost 12 million participants.

Results and conclusions:

Objectives:
Cardiovascular risk factors are closely linked with dementia risk, but whether heart disease predisposes to dementia is uncertain. Therefore, this review article has been conducted.

Does heart disease increase risk of dementia?

Study design:
This review article included 16 studies (1,309,483 individuals) regarding coronary heart disease and 7 studies (1,958,702 individuals) about heart failure.