Unhealthy meals

Unhealthy meals are meals that should preferably not be eaten daily. However, unhealthy meals can always be part of a healthy daily diet; as long a correction is made through the next meal/product in order to compensate for the unhealthy part of the previous meal.
Remember:

1 μg/day dietary B12 intake increases esophageal cancer

Objectives:
Several B vitamins are essential in the one-carbon metabolism pathway, which is central to DNA methylation, synthesis and repair. Moreover, an imbalance in this pathway has been linked to certain types of cancers. Therefore, this review article has been conducted.

Is there a relationship between dietary vitamin intake and risk of esophageal cancer (EC)?

Study design:

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination may not increase multiple sclerosis risk

Objectives:
Does Hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination increase multiple sclerosis risk?

Study design:
This review article included 7 articles.
Funnel plot showed the presence of publication bias.

Results and conclusions:
The investigators found no statistically significant association was observed for Hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination and multiple sclerosis risk [pooled OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 0.96-1.49 and for pooled adjusted OR = 0.965, 95% CI = 0.886-1.051].

1 g/day salt reduction reduces blood pressure in end-stage renal disease

Objectives:
Dietary salt reduction in the general population lowers blood pressure and cardiovascular risk. Despite being widely recommended, there is limited evidence as to whether this is applicable to individuals with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) receiving dialysis. Therefore, this review article has been conducted.

Study design:
This review article included 4 RCTs (91 participants), of which 3 were crossover trials and 1 was a parallel study.

Diet with medium-chain saturated fatty acids leads to higher HDL cholesterol

Objectives:
Medium-chain saturated fatty acids (MCFAs) may affect circulating lipids and lipoproteins differently than long-chain saturated fatty acids (LCSFAs), but the results from human intervention trials have been equivocal. Therefore, this review article has been conducted.

Have medium-chain saturated fatty acids (MCFAs) and long-chain saturated fatty acids (LCSFAs) differential impacts on blood lipids and lipoproteins in humans?

Study design:

PCV13 vaccine is effective against serotype 3 invasive pneumococcal disease in children

Objectives:
The 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) is the only licensed PCV with serotype 3 polysaccharide in its formulation. Post-licensure PCV13 effectiveness studies against serotype 3 invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in children have shown inconsistent results. Therefore, this review article has been conducted.

Is 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) effective against serotype 3 invasive pneumococcal disease in children?

1 serving/day potato increases risk type 2 diabetes

Objectives:
High potato intake has been suggested as a risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes. Therefore, this review article has been conducted.

Does potato intake increase risk of type 2 diabetes?

Study design:
This review article included 6 prospective cohort studies with a total of 4,545,230 person-year of follow-up and 17,758 diabetes cases.

Results and conclusions:

≥30g chocolate per day during 4-8 weeks reduce BMI

Objectives:
Cocoa and dark chocolate (DC) have been reported to be effective for health promotion; however the exact effect of cocoa/dark chocolate on anthropometric measures have not been yet defined. Therefore, this review article has been conducted.

Has cocoa/dark chocolate supplementation positive effect on weight, BMI and waist circumference (WC)?   

Study design:
This review article included a total of 35 RCTs, investigating the effects of cocoa/dark chocolate on weight, BMI and waist circumference.