Objectives:
Anemia is one of the major complications in predialysis patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). A clearer cognition of the prognostic impact of hemoglobin (Hb) or hematocrit (Hct) target on the outcomes of predialysis patients with CKD is significant. Therefore, this review article (meta-analysis) has been conducted.

Does higher hemoglobin levels decrease transfusion risk in predialysis patients with CKD?

Objectives:
A high intake of dietary fibre has been associated with a reduced risk of diverticular disease in several studies. However, the dose-response relationship between fibre intake and diverticular disease risk has varied and the available studies have not been summarised in a meta-analysis yet. Therefore, this review article (meta-analysis) has been conducted.

Is there a dose-response relationship between fibre intake and reduced risk of diverticular disease?

Objectives:
The objective of this review article is to determine the effectiveness and harms of vaccination in patients with any sexual history to prevent the prevalence of papillomavirus infection.

Study design:
This review article included 29 studies described in 35 publications.

Objectives:
Does kiwifruit improve metabolic health in participants with cardiovascular risk factors, including hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, diabetes type 2 and smokers?

Study design:
This review article included 5 RCTs involving 489 participants.

Results and conclusions:
The investigators found no significant effect of kiwifruit on:
-systolic blood pressure (SBP) [MD = -1.72 mmHg, 95% CI = -4.27 to 0.84];
-diastolic blood pressure (DBP) [MD = -2.35 mmHg, 95% CI = -5.10 to 0.41];

Objectives:
The role of gut microbiota in the management of diabetes has been shown. Several current trials are investigating the effect of probiotics and prebiotics, which are widely used to modulate intestinal microbiota, on inflammatory factors and biomarkers of oxidative stress in diabetic patient. However, their findings are controversial. Therefore, this review article (meta-analysis) has been conducted.

Do probiotic and synbiotic supplementation improve biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in diabetic patients?

Objectives:
Micronutrient malnutrition is highly prevalent in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and disproportionately affects women and children. Although the effectiveness of large-scale food fortification (LSFF) of staple foods to prevent micronutrient deficiencies in high-income settings has been demonstrated, its effectiveness in LMICs is less well characterized. Therefore, this review article has been conducted.

Objectives:
Previous studies had demonstrated some associations between coffee and tea consumption and brain cancer risk resulted in an inconsistent relationship. Therefore, this review article has been conducted.

Does coffee or tea consumption reduce brain cancer risk?

Study design:
This review article included 8 cohort studies and 3 case-control studies, involving 2,583 cases (persons with brain cancer) among 1,684,262 participants.

Objectives:
Plasma creatinine has been described as a prognostic biomarker for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), but with conflicting results in the literature. Therefore, this review article (meta-analysis) has been conducted.

Does a high plasma creatinine concentration reduce risk of ALS?

Study design:
This review article included 14 distinct cohorts (19 studies).

Objectives:
Breastfeeding initiation within the first half hour after birth is one of the World Health Organization recommendations. However, in most hospitals, mother-infant contact and breastfeeding initiation are delayed due to routine mother and infant care. Therefore, this review article has been conducted.

Objectives:
Does coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation improve biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress among patients with coronary artery disease (CAD)?

Study design:
This review article included 13 RCTs.

Given the presence of heterogeneity, random-effects model or fixed-effect model were used to pool standardized mean differences (SMDs) as summary effect sizes.

Results and conclusions: