• Creatine (a-methyl guandino-acetic acid) plays an important role in rapid energy provision during muscle contraction involving the transfer of N-phosphoryl group from phosphorylcreatine (PCr) to ADP to regenerate ATP through a reversible reaction catalyzed by phosphorylcreatine kinase (PCK).

Objectives:
Has coenzyme Q10 supplementation lowering effects on inflammatory mediator C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)?

Study design:
This review article included 17 RCTs.

• Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a fat-soluble compound found naturally in virtually every cell in the human body.
• There are two forms of coenzyme Q10: ubiquinone and ubiquinol.
• Coenzyme Q10 occurs in diet as ubiquinone and in humans mainly as ubiquinol.
• The estimated daily intake of CoQ10 is 3-6 mg per day derived primarily from meat.

Objectives:
Does sodium iron ethylenediaminetetraacetate (NaFeEDTA)-fortified soy sauce reduce anemia prevalence in the Chinese population?

• There are two types of iron in food: haem and non-haem iron.
• In animal products, 40% of the total iron content is haem iron and 60% non-haem iron.
  Plant foods contain only non-haem iron, which is found naturally in wholegrain cereals and breads, dried beans and legumes, dark green leafy vegetables, dried fruits, nuts and seeds.
  The darker the flesh, the higher the iron content. This means beef contains more iron than lamb and pork.
• In humans, iron is an essential component of proteins involved in oxygen transport.

Objectives:
Is there an association between individual micronutrients and blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes?

• Vitamin C is cofactor in at least 800 enzymatic reactions in the human body.
• Vitamin C is a water-soluble antioxidant. Being an antioxidant, vitamin C protects the body from the harmful effects of free radicals and pollutants.
• Vitamin C enhances the immune system.
• Vitamin C is required for the maintenance of normal connective tissue and wound healing.

Objectives:
Some observational studies have shown that elevated serum selenium levels are associated with reduced prostate cancer risk. However, not all published studies support these results. Therefore, this review article (meta-analysis) has been conducted.

Does an elevated serum selenium level reduce prostate cancer risk?

Study design:
This review article included 12 case-control studies, 4 cohort studies and 1 RCT with 6,136 prostate cancer cases among 34,901 participants.

• Selenium is a trace mineral.
• In foods, selenium is generally present as the amino acid derivatives selenomethionine and selenocysteine.
• Brewer's yeast, wheat germ, liver, butter, fish (mackerel, tuna, halibut, flounder, herring, smelts) and shellfish (oysters, scallops and lobster), garlic, whole grains, sunflower seeds and Brazil nuts are good sources of selenium.
• Selenium levels in food depend on how much selenium was in the soil where the food was grown.

Objectives:
Anemia is a leading cause of maternal deaths and adverse pregnancy outcomes in developing countries. To present knowledge, no previous study has estimated the population-attributable fraction (PAF) of adverse pregnancy outcomes for maternal anemia. Therefore, this meta-analysis (review article) has been conducted.

Is there an association between maternal anemia and pregnancy outcomes in low- and middle-income countries?