Cancer

Objectives:
Surgical resection remains the primary treatment for gastrointestinal (GI) malignancy including early-stage cancer. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) have been reported to have beneficial clinical and immune-modulating effects in the prognosis of gastrointestinal cancer patients undergoing surgery. Therefore, this review article (meta-analysis) has been conducted.

What is the impact of n-3 PUFA supplementation on postoperative inflammation status and immune function of gastrointestinal cancer patients?

Objectives:
Previous studies regarding the relationship between carrot intake and risk of urothelial cancer have reported conflicting results. Therefore, this review article (meta-analysis) has been conducted.

Does a high consumption of carrot reduce urothelial cancer risk?

Objectives:
Carnitine deficiency has been implicated as a potential pathway for cancer-related fatigue that could be treated with carnitine supplementation. Therefore, this review article (meta-analysis) has been conducted.

Does carnitine supplementation reduce cancer-related fatigue?

Study design:
This review article included 3 RCTs involving a total of 659 participants.

Objectives:
What is the relationship between dietary intake of 12 major food groups, including whole grains, refined grains, vegetables, fruit, nuts, legumes, eggs, dairy, fish, red meat, processed meat and sugar-sweetened beverages and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk?

Study design:
This review article included cohort studies.

Results and conclusions:

Objectives:
Does the consumption of various types of tomato products reduce prostate cancer risk and is there a potential dose-response relationship?

Study design:
This review article included 30 studies, which summarized data from 24,222 cases (subjects with prostate cancer) among 260,461 participants.

Results and conclusions:
The investigators found that higher total tomato consumption was associated with a reduced risk of 19% for prostate cancer [RR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.71 to 0.92, p = 0.001].

Objectives:
Multiple epidemiologic studies have evaluated the relationship between dietary cholesterol and lung cancer risk, but the association is controversial and inconclusive. Therefore, this review article has been conducted.

Does consumption of dietary cholesterol increase risk of lung cancer?

Study design:
This review article included 10 case-control studies (6,894 lung cancer cases and 29,736 controls/persons with no lung cancer) and 6 cohort studies (1,769 lung cancer cases among 241,920 participants).

Objectives:
Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death. Fruits and vegetables containing carotenoids and other antioxidants have been hypothesized to decrease lung cancer risk. Therefore, this meta-analysis (systematic review) has been conducted.

Do fruits and vegetables reduce lung cancer risk?

Objectives:
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. The association between body mass index (BMI) and breast cancer risk has been paid more attention in the past few years, but the findings are still controversial. Therefore, this review article has been conducted.

Is there a relationship between BMI and breast cancer risk among women?

Study design:
This review article included 12 prospective cohort studies comprising 22,728,674 women.

Objectives:
The relationship between vitamin intake and pancreatic cancer (PC) risk is disputed. Therefore, this review article has been conducted.

Is there a relationship between dietary vitamin intake and pancreatic cancer risk?

Study design:
This review article included 25 observational studies with a total of 1,214,995 individuals, of which 8,000 pancreatic cancer cases.

Objectives:
Esophageal cancer (EC) is the eighth most common cancer and the sixth most frequent cause of cancer death in the whole world. Many studies have investigated the association between citrus fruit intake and the risk of esophageal cancer, but the results are inconsistent and not analyzed by category. Therefore, this review article has been conducted.

Does citrus fruit intake reduce esophageal cancer risk?

Study design:
This review article included 20 case-control studies and 5 cohort studies.