This tab will answer the following nutritional question: How can nutrition contribute positively to my health?

One swallow does not make a summer. A famous Dutch saying that could not be any more obvious. Just because one single scientific study about a certain topic makes certain claims, it does not necessarily mean it is true. On the other hand, a review article (a collection of scientific studies on a certain topic) of randomized, placebo-controlled double blind clinical trials (RCTs) will answer the following question:
"Do taking dietary supplements make sense?" Yes for a positive conclusion and no for a negative conclusion.

One swallow does not make a summer. A famous Dutch saying that could not be any more obvious. Just because one single scientific study about a certain topic makes certain claims, it does not necessarily mean it is true. On the other hand, a review article (a collection of scientific studies on a certain topic) of cohort studies or case-control studies will answer the following question:
"Should I change my diet?".

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Nutrition and health

20g plant protein reduce type 2 diabetes

Objectives:
While clinical studies indicate that dietary protein may benefit glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetes (T2D), the impact of dietary protein, including whether the protein is of animal or plant origin, on the risk of type 2 diabetes is uncertain. Therefore, an update of the meta-analysis has been conducted.

Is there an associations between total, animal and plant protein dietary intakes and the risk of type 2 diabetes?

Study design:
This review article included 16 prospective cohort studies, involving 615,125 participants and 52,342 type 2 diabetes cases. Of which 11 studies reported data on intake of both animal and plant protein.

Results and conclusions:
The investigators found dietary intakes of total protein were significantly associated with an increased risk of 14% for type 2 diabetes [pooled effect size = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.24].

The investigators found every increase of 20g dietary intakes of total protein were significantly associated with an increased risk of 3% for type 2 diabetes.

The investigators found dietary intakes of animal protein were significantly associated with an increased risk of 18% for type 2 diabetes [pooled effect size = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.09 to 1.27].

The investigators found every increase of 20g dietary intakes of animal protein were significantly associated with an increased risk of 7% for type 2 diabetes.

The investigators found, in contrast, there was no association between dietary intake of plant protein and type 2 diabetes risk [pooled effect size = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.89 to 1.08].

The investigators found every replacement of 20 grams animal by plant protein was

significantly associated with a reduced risk of 20% for type 2 diabetes [pooled effect size = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.76 to 0.84].

The investigators concluded that long-term consumption of animal, but not plant, protein is associated with a dose-dependent increase in the risk of type 2 diabetes, with the implication that replacement of animal with plant protein intake may lower the risk of type 2 diabetes.

Original title:
Association between total, animal, and plant protein intake and type 2 diabetes risk in adults: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies by Ardakani AF, Anjom-Shoae J, […], Horowitz M.

Link:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39032197/

Additional information of El Mondo:
Find more information/studies on protein and diabetes right here.

Diabetes increases risk of dementia and mild cognitive impairment

Objectives:
Does diabetes increase risk of incident dementia and mild cognitive impairment?

Study design:
This review article included 19 prospective longitudinal studies including 6184 subjects with diabetes and 38530 subjects without diabetes. All subjects were without dementia or mild cognitive impairment at baseline (=at the beginning of the study).

There was no publication bias.

Results and conclusions:
The investigators found persons with diabetes had a significant increased risk of 46% for Alzheimer's disease [RR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.20-1.77]. Significant means that there is an association with a 95% confidence.

The investigators found persons with diabetes had a significant increased risk of 148% for vascular dementia [RR = 2.48, 95% CI = 2.08-2.96].

The investigators found persons with diabetes had a significant increased risk of 51% for any dementia [RR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.31-1.74]. Significant because RR of 1 was not found in the 95% CI of 1.31 to 1.74. RR of 1 means no risk/association.

The investigators found persons with diabetes had a significant increased risk of 21% for mild cognitive impairment [RR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.02-1.45].

The investigators concluded diabetes is a risk factor for incident dementia (including Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia and any dementia) and mild cognitive impairment.

Original title:
Diabetes as a risk factor for dementia and mild cognitive impairment: a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies by Cheng G, Huang G, [...], Wang H.

Link:
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1445-5994.2012.02758.x/epdf

Additional information of El Mondo:
Find more studies/information on elderly and diabetes right here.