Nutritional Advice El Mondo
Objectives:
What are the efficacy and side effects of COVID-19 vaccines?
Study design:
This review article included 25 randomized studies (123 datasets) with 58,889 cases that received the COVID-19 vaccine and 46,638 controls who received placebo.
Out of 58,889 vaccine cases, 31,070 were male and 27,819 female.
Out of 46,638 individuals in the placebo group, 33,354 were male and 13,284 female.
Out of 25 randomized studies, 12 were double-blind, 2 participant-blind, 6 observer-blind, 3 single-blind and 2 partially blind.
All vaccines and placebos were intramuscularly (IM) injected.
The number of studies by vaccine platforms were 7 mRNA-based, 4 pro-subunit, 8 adenovirus-vector, 5 inactivated and 1 VLPs.
Results and conclusions:
The investigators found mRNA-based and adenovirus-vectored COVID-19 vaccines had 94.6% [95% CI = 0.936 to 0.954] and 80.2% [95% CI = 0.56 to 0.93] efficacy in phase II/III RCTs, respectively.
The investigators found the efficacy of the adenovirus-vectored vaccine after the first [97.6%, 95% CI = 0.939 to 0.997] and second [98.2%, 95% CI = 0.980 to 0.984] doses was the highest against receptor-binding domain (RBD) antigen after 3 weeks of injections.
The investigators found the mRNA-based vaccines had the highest level of side effects reported except for diarrhea and arthralgia.
The investigators found aluminum-adjuvanted vaccines had the lowest systemic and local side effects between vaccines' adjuvant or without adjuvant, except for injection site redness.
The investigators found the adenovirus-vectored and mRNA-based vaccines for COVID-19 showed the highest efficacy after first and second doses, respectively.
The investigators found the mRNA-based vaccines had higher side effects. Remarkably few experienced extreme adverse effects and all stimulated robust immune responses.
The investigators concluded the adenovirus-vectored and mRNA-based vaccines for COVID-19 show the highest efficacy after first and second doses, respectively. The mRNA-based vaccines have higher side effects. Only a rare few recipients have experienced extreme adverse effects and all stimulated robust immune responses. All RCTs followed up the vaccine and placebo groups after one month after both first and second doses, therefore, all reports are related to short-term impacts. Due to the timeline, all the vaccines are missing longer-term assessments. The findings in this meta-analysis support the overall efficacy and safety of all available COVID-19 vaccines, providing clear data-driven evidence to support the ongoing global public health effort to vaccinate the entire population.
Original title:
Efficacy and Safety of COVID-19 Vaccines: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials by Pormohammad A, Zarei M, […], Turner RJ.
Link:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8148145/
Additional information of El Mondo:
Find more information/studies on vaccination and coronavirus right here.