Chronic diseases

Objectives:
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's dementia. Whereas the exact etiology of Parkinson's disease remains unknown, risk of developing Parkinson's disease seems to be related to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. This also includes abnormal exposure to trace elements of nutritional and toxicological interest. Therefore, this review article has been conducted.

Is there a relationship between exposure to trace elements and Parkinson’s disease risk?

Objectives:
Low-potassium diets are recommended to reduce serum potassium (Sk) and prevent complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD), but evidence underpinning this recommendation has not been systematically reviewed and synthesized. Therefore, this review article has been conducted.

Do patients with chronic kidney disease benefit from low-potassium diets?

Study design:
This review article included 7 studies  with 3,489 participants.

Objectives:
The morbidity of eczema has increased in the recent years and the methods to prevent or ameliorate its effects are becoming more important. Therefore, this review article has been conducted.

Do vitamin supplements reduce risk of eczema?

Objectives:
Many studies have been reported that dietary meat intake may be associated with the risk of asthma in children, but the results are inconsistent. Therefore, this review article has been conducted.

Does dietary meat intake increase asthma in children?

Objectives:
Lead is a known risk factor for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, the results of studies exploring the relationship between lead exposure and the occurrence of ALS are inconsistent. Therefore, this review article has been conducted.

Does a high lead exposure increase risk of ALS?

Objectives:
The activity of hepatitis B virus (HBV) as a risk factor for the incidence and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has not been clarified. Therefore, this review article has been conducted.

Does hepatitis B virus infection increase risk of chronic kidney disease?

Objectives:
Is there a causal relationship between intake of pomegranate and decreased risk of getting inflammation in adults?

Study design:
This review article included 16 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 572 subjects.

Results and conclusions:
The investigators found when compared to placebo, that pomegranate supplementation significantly reduced hs-CRP levels [WMD = -6.57 mg/L, 95% CI = -10.04 to -3.10, p = 0.000].

Objectives:
Is there a causal relationship between dietary anthocyanins and reduced levels of systemic and vascular inflammation?

Objectives:
Physical exercise may offer multiple benefits to patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, it was not traditionally recommended because of the possibility of impairing renal function and increasing proteinuria. Therefore, this review aricle has been conducted.

Does low-intensity physical exercise offer benefits to patients with chronic kidney disease?

Study design:
This review article included 21 RCTs with a intervention of at least 12 weeks and 927 patients.

Objectives:
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating and disabling inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. Multiple sclerosis is triggered by complex environmental factors which mostly affect genetically the susceptible young people. Emerging data has suggested that changes of homocysteine (Hcy), vitamin B12 and folate serum levels may be associated with multiple sclerosis. However, previous findings are not always consistent. Therefore, this review aricle has been conducted.