Nutritional Advice El Mondo
Objectives:
HIV-infected children are at a higher risk of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and its mortality, even in the era of antiretroviral therapy. Thus, an effective vaccination strategy would be beneficial. Therefore, this review article (meta-analysis) has been conducted.
The aim of this review article is to provide a summary of evidence about effectiveness and efficacy of at least one dose of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination (PCV) among children with and without HIV considering subgroups of pneumococcal serotypes.
Study design:
This review article included 10 studies on 7 years old or older children. Out of these, 1 was conducted in the USA and 9 studies in the South Africa. No cohort study was identified.
The analyzed data included 1,332 children with HIV-infection (HI) and 3,462 children without HIV-infection (HUI) children in 3 case-control studies, 2,577 HI and 37,259 HUI children in 3 randomized trials and 48,550 HI and 2,272,443 HUI children in four pre-post studies.
The heterogeneity of individual studies was high, especially in pre-post studies.
There was no evidence of influential study and/or publication bias based on the sensitivity analysis and Egger’s test for publication bias.
Results and conclusions:
The investigators found based on case-control studies, the overall effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination against any invasive pneumococcal disease was estimated as -6.2% [95% CI = - 67.6 to 32.7] and 65.1% [95% CI = 47.3 to 76.9] among HI and HUI children, respectively.
Based on randomized trials, the overall efficacy among HI and HUI children was estimated 45.0% [95% CI = 31.2 to 56.1] and 52.6% [95% CI = 25.7 to 69.8], respectively.
The investigators found effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination among HIV-infected children for IPDs caused by vaccine serotypes was estimated as 7.7 [95% CI = - 66.7 to 48.9] and for IPDs caused by non-vaccine serotypes was estimated as - 402.8 [95% CI = - 1856 to - 29.2].
The investigators concluded the overall effectiveness (efficacy in the real situation) of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination (PCV) in preventing of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) (including both of vaccine or non-vaccine serotype IPDs) among HIV-infection (HI) children is significantly lower than without HIV-infection (HUI) children [- 6.2% vs. 65.1%].
Original title:
Effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination against invasive pneumococcal disease among children with and those without HIV infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis by Vardanjani HM, Borna H and Ahmadi A.
Link:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6683423/
Additional information of El Mondo:
Find more information/studies on food fortification/malnutrition and vaccination right here.