Elderly

Objectives:
There is an ongoing debate on the involvement of systemic copper (Cu) dysfunctions in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and clinical studies comparing Cu levels in serum, plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of AD patients with those of healthy controls have delivered non-univocal and often conflicting results. Therefore, this review article has been conducted.

Does blood level of copper increase in Alzheimer’s disease?

Objectives:
Does soy isoflavone reduce the frequency and severity of hot flashes?

Study design:
This review article included 19 trials (13 included hot flash frequency, of which 10 for severity and 3 for composite scores).
17 trials were selected for meta-analyses to clarify the effect of soybean isoflavones on hot flash frequency (13 trials) and severity (9 trials).

Objectives:
Is there a relationship between serum 25(OH)D (vitamin D blood level) and mortality risk in the general population?

Study design:
This review article included 14 prospective cohort studies that involved 5562 deaths out of 62548 individuals.
In the parametric model, which is based on 11 studies and 59231 individuals, the lowest quantile as the reference category has been used.

Objectives:
Current studies evaluating the association of tea consumption and bone mineral density (BMD) have yielded inconsistent findings. Therefore, this meta-analysis (review article) has been conducted.

Does tea consumption increase bone mineral density?

Study design:
This review article included 4 cohort, 1 case-control and 8 cross-sectional studies including a total of 12,635 cases (6,059 in the tea consumption group and 6,576 individuals in non-tea consumption group).

Objectives:
Does higher protein intake increase bone mineral density?

Study design:
This review article included 6 RCTs and 20 prospective cohort studies.
There were no adverse effects of higher protein intakes.
Studies were heterogeneous and confounding could not be excluded.

Objectives:
Available studies in the literature on the selenium levels in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are inconsistent with some studies reporting its decrease in the circulation, while others reported an increase or no change as compared to controls. Therefore, this meta-analysis (review article) has been conducted.

Do lower circulatory (plasma/serum and blood), erythrocyte and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) selenium levels increase Alzheimer's disease risk?

Objectives:
Many publications have investigated the association between metal ions and the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the results were ambiguous. Therefore, this meta-analysis (review article) has been conducted.

What is the association between serum copper/zinc/iron levels and Alzheimer's disease risk?

Study design:
This review article included 44 case-control studies.

Objectives:
With an aging population and no cure for dementia on the horizon, risk factor modification prior to disease onset is an urgent health priority. Therefore, this meta-analysis (review article) has been conducted.

What is the effect of low vitamin D status or vitamin D supplementation on cognition in midlife and older adults without a diagnosis of dementia?

Study design:
This review article included 26 observational (cross-sectional and longitudinal cohort) studies and 3 intervention studies (n = 19-9,556).

Objectives:
Fish are a primary source of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, which may help delay cognitive aging. Therefore, this meta-analysis (review article) has been conducted.

Does a higher fish intake reduce cognitive decline?

Study design:
This review article included 5 cohort studies (23,688 Caucasians aged ≥65 years, 88% female and median follow-up range of 3.9-9.1 years).

Objectives:
Previous studies had inconsistent findings regarding the association between vitamin C intake and the risk of hip fracture. Therefore, this meta-analysis (review article) has been conducted.

Does taking dietary vitamin C reduce risk of hip fracture?

Study design:
This review article included 6 articles, containing 7908 controls and 2899 cases of hip fracture.