Elderly

Objectives:
Although several studies have been conducted on the association of vitamins with glaucoma, it is often noticed that the results are conflicting leaving physicians and patients in doubt about the effect of vitamins on glaucoma. Therefore, this review article has been conducted.

Does dietary vitamin intake reduce risk of the eye disease glaucoma? 

Objectives:
Is there a relationship between the levels of vitamin C, vitamin E and β-carotene in the plasma and Alzheimer's disease risk?

Study design:
This review article included studies with data of levels of vitamin C, vitamin E and β-carotene in the plasma of Alzheimer's disease patients.

Results and conclusions:

Objectives:
Existing studies suggest that dietary vitamins and carotenoids might be associated with a reduced risk of age-related cataract (ARC), although a quantitative summary of these associations is lacking. Therefore, this review article has been conducted.

Do vitamins and carotenoids intake reduce risk of the eye disease age-related cataract? 

Objectives:
Is there an association between potato consumption and risk of all-cause, cancer and cardiovascular mortality in adults?

Study design:
This review article included 20  prospective cohort studies with 25,208 cases of all-cause mortality, 4,877 of cancer mortality and 2,366 of cardiovascular mortality.

There was no evidence for publication bias.

Objectives:
No conclusive information is available about the association between dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) and risk of mortality. Therefore, this review article has been conducted.

Does dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) reduce risk of death from all-cause (all-cause mortality), cancer (cancer mortality) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs mortality)?

Objectives:
The associations between dietary fat intake and cognitive function are inconsistent and inconclusive. Therefore, this review article has been conducted.

Is there a relationship between different types of fat intake and cognitive impairment?

Study design:
This review article included 9 prospective cohort studies covering a total of 23,402 participants.

Objectives:
Does a dietary low-ratio n-6/n-3 PUFA supplementation improve risk factors (such as fasting blood glucose, HbA1c) of diabetes?

Study design:
This review article included 11 RCTs.

No significant publication bias was observed for all blood glucose and other related indicators as suggested by Begg's test and Egger's test.

Results and conclusions:
The investigators found no significant effect of dietary low-ratio n-6/n-3 PUFA supplementation on:

Objectives:
Although intake of fruits and vegetables seemed to have a protective effect on bone metabolism, its effect on fractures remains uncertain. Therefore, this review article has been conducted.

Does intake of fruits and vegetables reduce risk of fractures?

Study design:
This review article included 6 cohort studies and 4 RCTs.
6 cohort studies included 225,062 participants (134,365 women and 90,697 men) aged 50 years or older. The participants’ follow-up time ranged from 2.8 years to 20 years.

Objectives:
Does a high blood homocysteine level increase risk of cognitive impairment, like Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia?

Study design:
This review article included 28 prospective cohort studies with 2,557 cases (1,035 all-cause dementia, 530 Alzheimer's disease, 92 vascular dementia and >900 cognitive impairment without dementia (CIND)) among 28,257 participants.
 
The average follow-up period ranged from 2.7 to 35 years.

Objectives:
Do dietary intakes of soy, soy isoflavones and soy protein reduce risk of mortality from all causes, cancers and cardiovascular diseases?

Study design:
This review article included 23 prospective cohort studies with an overall sample size of 330,826 participants.

Results and conclusions:
The investigators found soy/soy products consumption significantly reduced risk of mortality from cancers with 12% [pooled relative risk = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.79 to 0.99, p = 0.03, I2 = 47.1%].