Nutritional Advice El MondoObjectives:
Coronavirus is challenging the global health care system from time to time. The pregnant state, with alterations in hormone levels and decreased lung volumes due to a gravid uterus and slightly immunocompromised state may predispose patients to a more rapidly deteriorating clinical course and can get a greater risk of harm for both the mother and fetus. Therefore, this review article has been conducted.
What is the effect of coronavirus infection (SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV) during pregnancy and its possibility of vertical maternal-fetal transmission?
Study design:
This review article included 39 studies involving 1,316 pregnant women.
Most of the studies included in this review were retrospective studies and case series.
The number of pregnant women confirmed to be infected with SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV in different studies ranged from 1 to 427.
The mean age of the study participants was 33.2 years with a standard deviation of 8.3 years.
The funnel plots suggested a publication bias for some of the study of the parameters (p 0.02).
Results and conclusions:
The investigators found the most common clinical features were fever, cough and myalgia with prevalence ranging from 30 to 97%, while lymphocytopenia and C-reactive protein were the most common abnormal laboratory findings (55-100%).
The investigators found pneumonia was the most diagnosed clinical symptom of COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 infection with prevalence ranged from 71 to 89%.
The investigators found bilateral pneumonia (57.9%) and ground-glass opacity (65.8%) were the most common CT imaging reported.
The investigators found the most common treatment options used were hydroxychloroquine (79.7%), ribavirin (65.2%) and oxygen therapy (78.8%).
The investigators found regarding maternal outcome, the rate of preterm birth 37 weeks of gestation was 14.3%, preeclampsia (5.9%), miscarriage (14.5%, preterm premature rupture of membranes (9.2%) and fetal growth restriction (2.8%).
The investigators found from the total coronavirus infected pregnant women, 56.9% delivered by cesarean, 31.3% admitted to ICU, while 2.7% were died.
The investigators found among the perinatal outcomes, fetal distress rated (26.5%), neonatal asphyxia rated (1.4%).
The investigators found only, 1.2% of neonates had apgar score 7 at 5 min.
The investigators found neonate admitted to ICU was rated 11.3%, while the rate of perinatal death was 2.2%.
The investigators found none of the studies reported transmission of COVID-19 from the mother to the fetus in utero during the study period.
The investigators concluded coronavirus infection is more likely to affect pregnant women. Respiratory infectious diseases have demonstrated an increased risk of adverse maternal obstetrical complications than the general population due to physiological changes occurred during pregnancy. None of the studies reported transmission of COVID-19 from the mother to the fetus in utero, which may be due to a very low expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 in early maternal-fetal interface cells.
Original title:
The effect of coronavirus infection (SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV) during pregnancy and the possibility of vertical maternal-fetal transmission: a systematic review and meta-analysis by Diriba K, Awulachew E and Getu E.
Link:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7471638/
Additional information of El Mondo:
Find more information/studies on coronavirus right here.