Dementia

Scientific studies (review articles) on the relationship between diet/nutrients and dementia prevention:
One swallow does not make a summer. A famous Dutch saying that could not be any more obvious. Just because one single scientific study about a certain topic makes certain claims, it does not necessarily mean it is true. On the other hand, a review article (a collection of scientific studies on a certain topic) of randomized, placebo-controlled double blind clinical trials (RCTs) will answer the following question:
"Do taking dietary supplements make sense?" Yes for a positive conclusion and no for a negative conclusion.

One swallow does not make a summer. A famous Dutch saying that could not be any more obvious. Just because one single scientific study about a certain topic makes certain claims, it does not necessarily mean it is true. On the other hand, a review article (a collection of scientific studies on a certain topic) of cohort studies or case-control studies will answer the following question:
"Should I change my diet?".

1. 11 g/day alcohol and 2.8 cups/day coffee reduce cognitive deficits
2. Lower blood carotenoid level is a risk factor for dementia
3. 0.5-50 mg/d carotenoid supplementation improves cognitive performance among healthy adults
4. Oral vitamin B supplementation does not prevent cognitive decline in cognitively unimpaired individuals
5. LDL cholesterol levels >121 mg/dL increase Alzheimer's disease
6. Heart failure increases risk of all-cause dementia
7. Statins improve activities of daily living ability in Alzheimer disease patients
8. miRNAs may be a promising biomarker for Alzheimer's disease
9. High homocysteine level increases Alzheimer disease
10. Saturated fat increases Alzheimer disease
11. A low selenium level in the brain increases Alzheimer’s disease
12. Coronary heart disease and heart failure increase risk of dementia
13. Inflammatory markers are associated with an increased risk of all-cause dementia
14. Insulin-degrading enzyme protein level is lower in Alzheimer's disease patients
15. Vitamin D level of 25 to 35 ng/mL decreases risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease
16. Aerobic exercise benefits global cognition in mild cognitive impairment patients
17. Regular aerobic exercise delays cognitive decline among individuals having Alzheimer's disease
18. Every 500 kcal increase per week reduce Alzheimer’s disease with 13%
19. Daily 100g fruit and vegetable reduces risk of cognitive impairment and dementia among elderly
20. Fruit and vegetables reduce risk of cognitive disorders
21. Low vitamin D status is related to poorer cognition in healthy adults
22. Circulatory selenium concentration is lower in Alzheimer's disease patients
23. Serum non-ceruloplasmin copper is higher in Alzheimer's disease
24. High antioxidant dietary intake reduces Alzheimer's disease
25. High dietary intake of vitamin E reduces dementia
26. Lower vitamin E levels increase Alzheimer's disease
27. Alzheimer's disease patients have a low plasma vitamin E level
28. Dietary intakes of vitamin C and E lower risk of Alzheimer's disease
29. Alzheimer's disease patients have higher levels of copper
30. At least 4 servings/week fish is associated with decreasing memory decline
31. At least 580 mg/day DHA or 1 g/day DHA/EPA improves memory function in older adults with mild memory complaints
32. Atrial fibrillation, previous stroke, myocardial infarction, hypertension, diabetes and previous TIA increase risk of post-stroke dementia
33. Intensive glucose control slows down cognitive decline in persons with type 2 diabetes
34. Diabetes increases risk of dementia and mild cognitive impairment
35. Middle-aged people with diabetes are at higher risk of developing dementia

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• Dementia is a collection of symptoms including memory loss, personality change and impaired intellectual functions resulting from disease or trauma to the brain.
• All dementias involve cognitive decline that impacts daily living.
• Age is the greatest risk factor for dementia. Dementia affects one in 14 people over the age of 65 and one in six over the age of 80.
• Early dementia, also known as mild cognitive impairment (MCI), involves problems with memory, language or other cognitive functions.
• Many people with mild cognitive impairment eventually develop Alzheimer's disease or another type of dementia.
• Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia, accounting for two-thirds of all diagnosed cases.
• Alzheimer’s disease is named after Dr. Alois Alzheimer.
• Other forms of dementia are:
  • Pick's disease
  • Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
  • Huntington's disease
  • Parkinson's dementia
  • Lewy body disease
• Alzheimer’s disease is an irreversible, progressive brain disease that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills and eventually even the ability to carry out the simplest tasks.
• In most people with Alzheimer’s, symptoms first appear after age 60.
• After age 65, the risk of Alzheimer's doubles every five years. After age 85, the risk reaches nearly 50%.
• Alzheimer's is a progressive disease, which means that gradually, over time, more parts of the brain are damaged. As this happens, the symptoms become more severe.
• So far, no one single factor has been identified as a cause for Alzheimer's disease. It is likely that a combination of factors, including age, genetic inheritance, environmental factors, lifestyle and overall general health, are responsible.
• People with Down's syndrome are at a higher risk of developing Alzheimer's disease.
• It is not known exactly what causes this process to begin, but people with Alzheimer's disease have been found to have abnormal amounts of protein (amyloid plaques) and fibres (tau tangles) in the brain.
• There is currently no cure for Alzheimer's disease.