Voedingsadvies El MondoResearch Question:
Lowers eating flavonoids chances of getting heart disease?
Study Design:
This overview article contained 170 Rcts with 6557 participants.
The study duration ranged from several hours up to 52 weeks.
54% of the studies was cross-over.
The average study size ranged from 14-27 participants.
There was heterogeneity.
Results and conclusions:
The researchers found that the acute eating chocolate or cocoa (70-177 mg epicatechin daily for 90-149 minutes) the flow-mediated dilation (flow-mediated dilatation, FMD) significantly with 3.99% [95% CI = 2.86-5.12, P heterogeneity = 0.1, I2 = 46%, 6 studies] increased.
Significant is, there is a link at a 95% reliability.
The researchers found that chronic food (consumption of more than 2 weeks) of chocolate or cocoa the flow-mediated dilation significantly with 1.45% [95% CI = 0.62-2.28, no significant heterogeneity, 2 studies] increased.
The researchers found that chronic food (consumption over 2 weeks) of chocolate or cocoa 5.88 mmHg systolic blood pressure significantly with [95% CI =-9.55 to-2.21, P for heterogeneity = 0.0003, I2 = 81%, 5 studies] reduced.
The researchers found that chronic food (consumption over 2 weeks) of chocolate or cocoa the diastolic blood pressure significantly with 3.30 mmHg [95% CI =-5.77 to-0.83, P = 0.009 for heterogeneity, I2 = 70%, 4 studies] reduced.
The researchers found that eating soy protein isolate during 4-24 weeks the diastolic blood pressure significantly with 1.99 mmHg [95% CI =-2.86 to-1.12, P for heterogeneity = 0.4, I2 = 6%, 9 studies] reduced.
The researchers found that eating soy protein isolate during 4-24 weeks the LDL-cholesterol levels significantly with 0.19 mmol/L [95% CI =-0.24 to-0.14, P = 0.03 for heterogeneity, I2 = 29%, 39 studies] reduced.
The researchers found that the acute drinking black tea 5.69 mmHg systolic blood pressure significantly with [95% CI = 1.52 to 9.86, P = 0.13 for heterogeneity, I2 = 44%, 4 studies] increased.
The researchers found that the acute drinking black tea the diastolic blood pressure significantly with 2.56 mmHg [95% CI = 1.03 to 4.10, P = 0.57 for heterogeneity, I2 = 0%, 4 studies] increased.
The researchers found that drinking green tea the LDL-cholesterol levels significantly with 0.23 mmol/L [95% CI =-0.34 to-0.12, P for heterogeneity = 0.62, I2 = 0%, 4 studies] reduced.
The researchers concluded that both the acute and chronic eating chocolate the flow-mediated dilation and increased blood pressure lowered, eating soy protein isolate the diastolic blood pressure and LDL-cholesterol levels lowered and drinking green tea reduced the LDL-cholesterol levels.
Original title:
Flavonoids, flavonoid-rich foods, and cardiovascular risk: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials by Hooper L, Crown PA, [...], Cassidy a.
Link:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18614722
Additional information about El Mondo:
Read more about flavonoids.
Read more about heterogeneity, I2 and significance.
Read more about heart disease.
Soy protein isolate (does not occur in foods for) is extracted from soybeans. A typical soy protein isolate is 100% vegetable and consists for 85%-90% from protein.
The EFSA concludes that there is a causal link between the consumption of cocoa flavanols and maintaining good blood circulation. To the claimed health effect would be a healthy adult 2.5 grams of cocoa powder with high flavanolenconcentratie or 10 grams of high-flavanolhoudende have to eat dark chocolate.
Only approved health claims may in 2013 of the EFSA on the packaging of European food and beverages and nutritional supplements