Lung lesions of patients with COVID-19 are bilateral lungs or multilobar

Objectives:
The goals of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of current option of therapies for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome (MERS) besides COVID-19, in an attempt to identify promising therapy for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infected patients.

Study design:
This review article included 34 retrospective studies involving a total of 4,121 patients with COVID-19.

Lymphopenia is associated with severe COVID-19 infections

Objectives:
Does a low lymphocyte count (lymphopenia) increase severity of COVID-19?

Study design:
This review article included 13 case-series with a total of 2,282 cases.

Results and conclusions:   
The investigators found pooled analysis showed that lymphocyte count was significantly lower in severe COVID-19 patients [MD -0.31×109/L, 95% CI = -0.42 to -0.19×109/L].

Severe COVID-19 patients have more neutrophils, higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio level and fewer lymphocytes

Objectives:
The ongoing worldwide pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed a huge threat to global public health. However, whether routine blood test could be used to monitor and predict the severity and prognosis of COVID-19 has never been comprehensively investigated. Therefore, this review article has been conducted.

Which markers in routine blood test are associated with the severity of COVID-19?

Study design:
This review article included 15 studies with 3,090 COVID-19 patients.

Olfactory and gustatory dysfunction are common symptoms in patients with COVID-19

Objectives:
What is the pooled global prevalence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in patients with the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19)?

Study design:
This review article included 10 studies, analysed olfactory dysfunction (n = 1,627) and 9 studies, analysed gustatory dysfunction (n = 1,390).

Results and conclusions:   
The investigators found a 52.73% [95% CI = 29.64% to 75.23%] prevalence of olfactory dysfunction among patients with COVID-19.

Pre-existing cardiovascular diseases is associated with worse outcomes among patients with COVID-19

Objectives:
Observational studies have reported an association between underlying cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and worse prognosis in COVID-19 patients, but this still remains unclear. Therefore, this review article has been conducted.

Are cardiovascular diseases associated with worse outcomes among patients with COVID-19?

Study design:
This review article included a total of 18 studies (n = 4,858 patients). 16 studies were from China, while 2 were from the United States.

No association between oral cholera vaccination and adverse pregnancy outcomes

Objectives:
Cholera has harmful effects on the foetus but safety data of the oral cholera vaccine in pregnant women is controversial. Therefore, this review article has been conducted.

Has cholera vaccination during pregnancy harmful effects on the foetus?

Study design:
This review article included 5 studies with 5,584 pregnant women (2,920 exposed and 2,664 not exposed).

Liver injury is associated with severe COVID-19 infection

Objectives:
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is a major threat to human beings. Lung injury has been reported as the major outcome of COVID-19 infection. However, liver damage has also been considered to occur in severe cases. Therefore, this review article has been conducted.

Is liver injury associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection?