Objectives:
Resistant starch type 2 (RS2) has been documented to regulate gut microbiota and to improve the clinical outcomes of several diseases. However, whether RS2 may benefit patients with end-stage renal disease under maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) remains unknown. Therefore, this review article has been conducted.

Objectives:
Although prior studies showed a correlation between environmental manganese (Mn) exposure and neurodevelopmental disorders in children, the results have been inconclusive. Therefore, this review article has been conducted.

Objectives:
Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is common in patients with diseases that are in turn associated with deficiency of the B-vitamins, and vitamin treatment has shown mixed results. Therefore, this review article has been conducted.

Does a low vitamin B level increase the risk of peripheral neuropathy?

Study design:
This review article included 46 observational studies and 7 interventional studies.

Objectives:
What are the reliability and sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) detection in saliva and deep throat sputum (DTS) compared to nasopharyngeal, combined naso/oropharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs?

Study design:
This review article included 26 studies.

Results and conclusions:   

Objectives:
What are the blood concentrations of zinc, iron, manganese, magnesium, selenium and copper of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS)?

Study design:
This review article included 32 studies with 1,567 MS patients and 1,328 controls (people without MS).

Results and conclusions:

Objectives:
The emergence of artemisinin resistance in Southeast Asia and Plasmodium falciparum kelch13 propeller gene mutations in sub-Saharan African pose the greatest threat to global efforts to control malaria. This is a critical concern in Uganda, where artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) is the first-line treatment for uncomplicated falciparum. Therefore, this review article has been conducted.

Objectives:
Vitamin D modulates the systemic inflammatory response through interaction with immune system. As such, it has a possible protective role against the risk of respiratory tract infections and other diseases. It may be useful in particular, during COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, this review article has been conducted.

Objectives:
Soy has several beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, results of clinical trial studies are equivocal. Therefore, this review article has been conducted.

Objectives:
Previous studies on the association between alcohol intake and risk of fracture have reached conflicting findings. Therefore, this review article has been conducted.

Does alcohol consumption increase risk of fractures?

Study design:
This review article included 38 prospective cohort studies with a total sample size of 5,053,117 participants and 169,560 cases of fracture.

Objectives:
Does dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor reduce mortality in COVID-19 patients?

Study design:
This review article included 9 studies with 4,477 COVID-19 patients.
1% of (15%, 46%) the patients use DPP-4 inhibitor. Mortality occurs in 23% (15%, 31%) of the patients.
There was no indication of small-study effects [p = 0.745].